There are many diamond saw blade , how to distinguish one on the market ?
Under normal circumstances, the Ministry of rigid blade consists of two serrated saws and carbide composition . Carbide serrated now largely imported. Thick
diamond saw blade alloy particles used in larger , because this alloy
can be repeated sharpening serrated , long life, quality of welding
carbide is also very important to weld thin and uniform, so that the
energy sawtooth withstand greater cutting forces.
Saw blade plate quality is very important. Because the blade to adjust the rotation, it has to pass the cutting force while keeping the stability of the work . Not only has excellent static blade geometry and accuracy , and more importantly, its dynamic characteristics.
With
a diamond saw blade different when continuous cutting blades , serrated
cutting alloy heat generated will be transmitted to the saws , saws the
temperature increases, the quality of the sawn boards in this case but
also to maintain the accuracy of a stand , the poor quality of the saw blade warping occurs , the impact of cutting accuracy. Dynamic stability is particularly important for sawing boards of several pieces into a fine blade set conditions for use .
Sawing
efficiency is one of the main indicators of the performance of diamond
saw blades , blade factors also users are most concerned about . Design
and manufacture of life assurance superior sharpness of diamond saw
blades , each blade manufacturers have become committed to the pursuit
of the goal. Through
a combination of theory and practice , systematic analysis of the
impact of various factors on the sharpness of diamond saw blades ,
looking for ways to improve the sharpness of the blade , the blade
design guidelines for reasonable and proper use has certain significance
and reference value.Composed
from several major diamond cutting wheel and cutting objects ingredient
processing , analyzing the movement of the cutting blade and the wear
mechanism of the process of rock , experimental study of the saw blade
matrix formula , diamond parameters , jagged shape of saws influence of film sharpness , the main contents include the following four aspects:
An
understanding of several major cutting objects such as granite ,
marble, building ceramics , concrete composition and the finest
ingredients physical and mechanical properties , can be made of rock
classification method of sawing is : A rock solid , said diamond saw
cutting rock the ease of using the rock abrasion resistance of diamond saw blade , said the rock abrasion .
2 , analysis of microscopic diamond grinding wheel cutting rock
cutting mechanism and blade wear mechanism, and calculate the blade
movement kinematics analysis and stress analysis .Jiangyin Huangtang excellent tool and die factory Guangzhou diamond
saw blade performance , the factory through a rigorous testing, we
believe that our products stand the test.?
2014年3月20日星期四
Research on the diamond tool wear life
Diamond material can be divided into natural diamond and synthetic diamond . Natural diamond has the highest hardness of the material of nature and thermal conductivity . In
recent years, a variety of methods and the development of protective
atmosphere by chemical mechanism of diamond grinding tools brazed
diamond tool manufacturing technology makes it relatively easy , so that
the cutting tool in the field of ultra-precision mirror widely used. 1950s
achieved using high temperature and pressure techniques of synthetic
diamond powder , the 1970s produced the diamond cutting tool that is
based polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools. PCD grains were arranged in a state of disorder , non- directional , and thus uniform hardness . PCD
cutting tools with high hardness (8000 ~ 12000HV), high thermal
conductivity , low thermal expansion coefficient , high elastic modulus
and low coefficient of friction , the blade is very sharp , high-speed
machining of various non-ferrous metals and wear strong performance of
non- metallic
materials such as aluminum, copper, magnesium and their alloys ,
tungsten carbide, reinforced plastic materials, metal matrix composites,
wood composites. Currently
being researched and developed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond
primarily in two forms : one is deposited on a substrate of thin film
thickness of less than 30μm (CVD film ) ; another substrate- deposited
thickness up to 1mm thick layer of diamond film (CVD thick ) .
Three main diamond tool materials --- PCD, performance comparison results and synthetic single-crystal CVD diamond thick as : Maximum PCD welding , mechanical grinding, and the fracture toughness, abrasion resistance and quality of the cutting edge center, corrosion worst ; CVD thick best corrosion resistance , mechanical grinding resistance, edge quality , fracture toughness and abrasion resistance centered , weldability worst ; edge quality synthetic single crystal diamond , anti- the best wear resistance and corrosion resistance , weldability, mechanical grinding and fracture toughness worst. Currently, the diamond cutting tool is a high speed (2500 ~ 5000m / min) Aluminum ideal tool material , but in high-speed cutting of steel and its alloys Shique wear faster , which is mainly due to the wear mechanism of carbon and iron with greater affinity effect, especially at high temperatures the diamond easily react with the iron , it is not suitable for the cutting of steel and their alloys . High-speed cutting tool wear life.
High-speed cutting tool wear should determine a reasonable lifetime ( limit ) based on processing methods and processing requirements. Impact of high-speed cutting tool wear life of many factors , such as the material of the workpiece material and tool matching , cutting mode , tool geometry , cutting parameters , coolant, tool wear and vibration have a significant impact on the life of its laws and specific effects of cutting conditions , the effect should be to determine the impact of various factors on the tool wear life by cutting tests . High-speed machining hardened steel under ( cutting feed rate 0.1mm / r, cutting depth 0.2mm, blunt knives standard VB = 0.2mm) , respectively, using the same cutting conditions P10 carbide tools , ceramic tools and CBN tooling when AISI 4340 workpiece material ( hardness 60HRC), a minimum operating life of carbide tools , this is due to the high hardness of the material of the workpiece , resulting in cutting forces and high temperatures during processing , resulting in rapid wear of the cemented carbide cutting tools , and even peeling fracture damage. Ceramic knives and working life with CBN cutting tool to improve and increase the maximum when you start lowering the threshold . The reason for this may be increased when the cutting tool to increase the thickness of the adhesive layer , a protective film is formed , will help reduce wear of the tool , thereby increasing the tool life ; when cutting , the tool is further improved surface layer will soften the workpiece material is easy to wear off in the hard particles , thus exacerbating the tool wear , resulting in rapidly reducing the diamond tools life.
Three main diamond tool materials --- PCD, performance comparison results and synthetic single-crystal CVD diamond thick as : Maximum PCD welding , mechanical grinding, and the fracture toughness, abrasion resistance and quality of the cutting edge center, corrosion worst ; CVD thick best corrosion resistance , mechanical grinding resistance, edge quality , fracture toughness and abrasion resistance centered , weldability worst ; edge quality synthetic single crystal diamond , anti- the best wear resistance and corrosion resistance , weldability, mechanical grinding and fracture toughness worst. Currently, the diamond cutting tool is a high speed (2500 ~ 5000m / min) Aluminum ideal tool material , but in high-speed cutting of steel and its alloys Shique wear faster , which is mainly due to the wear mechanism of carbon and iron with greater affinity effect, especially at high temperatures the diamond easily react with the iron , it is not suitable for the cutting of steel and their alloys . High-speed cutting tool wear life.
High-speed cutting tool wear should determine a reasonable lifetime ( limit ) based on processing methods and processing requirements. Impact of high-speed cutting tool wear life of many factors , such as the material of the workpiece material and tool matching , cutting mode , tool geometry , cutting parameters , coolant, tool wear and vibration have a significant impact on the life of its laws and specific effects of cutting conditions , the effect should be to determine the impact of various factors on the tool wear life by cutting tests . High-speed machining hardened steel under ( cutting feed rate 0.1mm / r, cutting depth 0.2mm, blunt knives standard VB = 0.2mm) , respectively, using the same cutting conditions P10 carbide tools , ceramic tools and CBN tooling when AISI 4340 workpiece material ( hardness 60HRC), a minimum operating life of carbide tools , this is due to the high hardness of the material of the workpiece , resulting in cutting forces and high temperatures during processing , resulting in rapid wear of the cemented carbide cutting tools , and even peeling fracture damage. Ceramic knives and working life with CBN cutting tool to improve and increase the maximum when you start lowering the threshold . The reason for this may be increased when the cutting tool to increase the thickness of the adhesive layer , a protective film is formed , will help reduce wear of the tool , thereby increasing the tool life ; when cutting , the tool is further improved surface layer will soften the workpiece material is easy to wear off in the hard particles , thus exacerbating the tool wear , resulting in rapidly reducing the diamond tools life.
Diamond grinding wheel replacement process Precautions
Precautions replacement diamond grinding process mainly includes
three aspects, one texture problem , the second is valid question , the
three wear.
1 texture problems
During use , if you find a local diamond wheel cracks , should immediately stop using and re- replacement of the grinding wheel, diamond grinding wheel to avoid crushing injury accident .
2 . Valid question
From the Treasury brought out a new diamond grinding wheel is not necessarily qualified , new wheel even buying from the factory is not necessarily qualified wheel. Any diamond wheel has its certain expiration date, within the validity period of use , it is qualified wheel ; than valid use , it is not necessarily qualified wheel. Rules of order " wheel should be within the validity period , resin and rubber bonded grinding wheel rotating storage must be approved by the test , those who pass the year before use ."
3 . Wear problemsAny diamond wheel has its use and wear certain requirements to achieve a certain degree of wear must be re- replacement of the wheel. Not in order to save material, it requires the use of ultra- wear , which is a very unsafe illegal behavior. A general rule, when the diamond grinding wheel wear to the chuck diameter than 10mm diameter should be replaced with new wheel.
1 texture problems
During use , if you find a local diamond wheel cracks , should immediately stop using and re- replacement of the grinding wheel, diamond grinding wheel to avoid crushing injury accident .
2 . Valid question
From the Treasury brought out a new diamond grinding wheel is not necessarily qualified , new wheel even buying from the factory is not necessarily qualified wheel. Any diamond wheel has its certain expiration date, within the validity period of use , it is qualified wheel ; than valid use , it is not necessarily qualified wheel. Rules of order " wheel should be within the validity period , resin and rubber bonded grinding wheel rotating storage must be approved by the test , those who pass the year before use ."
3 . Wear problemsAny diamond wheel has its use and wear certain requirements to achieve a certain degree of wear must be re- replacement of the wheel. Not in order to save material, it requires the use of ultra- wear , which is a very unsafe illegal behavior. A general rule, when the diamond grinding wheel wear to the chuck diameter than 10mm diameter should be replaced with new wheel.
2014年3月7日星期五
How to Use concrete blade
The following is a list of safety practices which must be observed when sawing with concrete blade:
1. Keep the area around the saw free from debris which could cause falls.
2. Prohibit the use of the saw by unauthorized or untrained personnel.
3. Keep the conveyor cart free of grit and debris which could allow the material to slip or twist during cutting operations.
4. Hold the material firmly against the backstop of the conveyor cart or guide-a-cut, keeping fingers out of the path of the blade.
5. Position the saw on a firm, flat area and be sure that the saw will not move in use.
6. Replace blade collars if they become worn to less than 4" diameter for 18" and 20" blades, or less than 3 1/2" diameter on 14" blades.
How to Use Concrete blade for Dry Cutting
1. Use a proper blade which is clearly marked for dry cutting.
2. Remove water curtain.
3. Disconnect the electric water pump.
4. Use “Step Cutting” when using wet or dry cutting diamond blades or abrasive blades. Choose “Step Cutting” from the menu at the left side of this page for more information.
5. Dry cut only in large open areas with adequate ventilation.
How to Use Concrete Saw for Wet Cutting
1. Prepare water supply.
2. Install water curtain on cutting head pivot bar.
3. Be sure the water pump is plugged into the connection on the masonry saw motor. (It will start when the main switch is turned on.)
4. Handle on petcock should be turned in line with the water flow. Start motor and be certain that both sides of the blade are getting an adequate flow of water.
5. At all times make sure that the water level covers the screen on the bottom of the pump. Do not let sludge and dirt get deep enough in the pan to block the pump inlet.
6. Use “Step Cutting” with abrasive blades. Choose “Step Cutting” from the menu at the left side of this page for more information.
7. Use “Jam Cutting” or “Step Cutting” with diamond blades. Choose “Jam Cutting” or “Step Cutting” from the menu at the left side of this page for more information.
Diamond drill tips Introduction
Diamond
Drilling is one burning most prone to accidents , should be
strictly precautionary measures . Improve the stability of the drilling
process drilling , drilling technology due to improper parameter
selection , hole deviation serious drill grading unreasonable , impact of factors such as oversized drilling , the drill will produce different levels of vibration . The inner diameter of the inner diameter diamond drill retainer and freedom must be reasonable fit. Although we can not eliminate all vibrations , but these take appropriate preventive measures are available for improvement. Diamond drill means to prevent burning burning diamond drill
during drilling , improper operation or hole situation is complex,
resulting in diamond drill was burned , can no longer short.
Burned by the diamond drill drill Xuan scrap , drill costs surge ; severe, bit matrix melt and rock dust and residual core sintered together , or even burned together along with the core tube of 1m more serious accident, resulting in forced final hole or scrapped. Drilling process, does not allow any poppet drill , opening and closing the car to a smooth , drill press , pump volume should be uniform. Therefore , before each drill , pay attention to test with the size of the drill bit size and retainer . Airport should be prepared only 2-3 kinds inch retainer for matching. In order to ensure smooth over the broken core can smoothly into the tube, the wall can be painted a suitable grease or spray plastic , chrome -ming . Swelling , joint development and so easy to block formations should be smaller diameter , reinforcing good drill to make the core more smoothly into the tube. Kahuang freedom inside diameter is too large, or not on the card is not strong to take the core , resulting in half- off or excessive residual core ; Kahuang freedom inside diameter is too small, could easily lead to core plug. Should be used in single-action double pipe joint development drilling , crushing, dip a large rock layer should design special coring tool . Take appropriate damping measures to reduce the vibration caused by rocks , broken heart blockage caused by mining . Malignant burn drill will cause sticking accidents, often accompanied by a drilling bent.
our is a professional and dynamic diamond cutting tools manufacturer，our sale stone and concrete cutting tools such as diamond segment, diamond grinding wheels diamond saw blade, diamond wire saw, diamond fickert and so on
Burned by the diamond drill drill Xuan scrap , drill costs surge ; severe, bit matrix melt and rock dust and residual core sintered together , or even burned together along with the core tube of 1m more serious accident, resulting in forced final hole or scrapped. Drilling process, does not allow any poppet drill , opening and closing the car to a smooth , drill press , pump volume should be uniform. Therefore , before each drill , pay attention to test with the size of the drill bit size and retainer . Airport should be prepared only 2-3 kinds inch retainer for matching. In order to ensure smooth over the broken core can smoothly into the tube, the wall can be painted a suitable grease or spray plastic , chrome -ming . Swelling , joint development and so easy to block formations should be smaller diameter , reinforcing good drill to make the core more smoothly into the tube. Kahuang freedom inside diameter is too large, or not on the card is not strong to take the core , resulting in half- off or excessive residual core ; Kahuang freedom inside diameter is too small, could easily lead to core plug. Should be used in single-action double pipe joint development drilling , crushing, dip a large rock layer should design special coring tool . Take appropriate damping measures to reduce the vibration caused by rocks , broken heart blockage caused by mining . Malignant burn drill will cause sticking accidents, often accompanied by a drilling bent.
our is a professional and dynamic diamond cutting tools manufacturer，our sale stone and concrete cutting tools such as diamond segment, diamond grinding wheels diamond saw blade, diamond wire saw, diamond fickert and so on
Review 2013 Italy Vitória Stone Fair
we show diamond tools product in 2013 Italy Vitória Stone Fair. and our complete success at the fair.
2014年3月5日星期三
Polished porcelain tile processing application of diamond tools
our is a professional and dynamic diamond cutting tools manufacturer，our sale stone and concrete cutting tools such as diamond segment, diamond grinding wheels diamond saw blade, diamond wire saw, diamond fickert and so on
1 Introduction
Mid-eighties whole vitrified porcelain tiles first appeared in Italy , so that the further development of the high-quality ceramic tiles , a multi-species direction , appeared shortly thereafter imitation marble , granite, polished porcelain tiles various senior , and further improve the grade ceramic tiles and prices [1] . The mid- line of ceramic tiles imported from Italy after the ceramic tiles industry entered a new phase. Also the beginning of a large-scale diamond tools used in ceramic processing industries. From the beginning to now totally dependent on imports domestically, making consumption cost per unit area of ceramic diamond tools dropped seven or eight times , thus greatly promoted the development of the industry , only a few short years , Guangdong Foshan polishing line has reached hundreds , the output value of billions of dollars . Bright and beautiful , affordable upscale all vitrified ceramic tiles began to decorate every household.
2 , full characterization of vitrified porcelain tiles
Ceramic tile body material using a conventional clay, feldspar , quartz and plasticity [2], white clay , ball milling , granulation , drying, pressing, sintering at 1200 ℃ after about 50 to 60 minutes to prepare . Microstructure body by the crystal phase , grain boundaries, the composition of the glass phase and pores [3] . Crystal phase mullite , α- cristobalite and free quartz. Mullite, clay ( kaolin ) at a high temperature above 1000 ℃ changes made are also generated as part of the α- cristobalite , α- cristobalite another part is converted by the addition of components made of quartz . Glass phase is composed of feldspar as a flux in the form of silicate melts at high temperatures [3] . Glass phase mainly potassium and sodium . The body mainly in the glass phase forms a continuous phase around the crystal phase . Grains during sintering can be bonded together to fill the gap between promote dense green body , the green body sintering temperature to reduce and increase the transparency of [3 ] . How much depends on the porosity content of the composition and sintering conditions blanks are usually distributed pores in the glass phase matrix. Pores significantly affect the physical properties of ceramic materials , significantly reduces the mechanical strength of the gloss after polishing and the body , the content of polished porcelain tiles pores are much lower than the ordinary glazed . How many holes are usually content with the absorption of said holes , said the higher water absorption , the more low- density, ceramic tile water absorption <0.5 %, while 10-20% of the general glazed water absorption [2] . The lower water absorption brick hardness , higher strength, more difficult to process . General porcelain tile flexural strength > 27MPa, 15MPa and glazed [2] .
In addition to a greater absorption performance impact on the ceramic tile , the content of the glass phase , the composition of the crystal phase has a great influence on both the applicability and workability properties of ceramics and diamond tools. Since the crystalline phase as compared to loose glass strength is low expansion coefficient and high temperature easy to soften [3 ] , the ratio of the glass phase , the lower green strength and higher abrasion resistance, increased brittleness . The more crystalline phase α- cristobalite content is higher body rigidity, the stronger the abrasive , diamond tools workability decline , consumption increased.
Porcelain tile varieties are more recipes from different manufacturers , different processes , resulting in some differences in performance. Distinguished by different production processes , the current production of several varieties of large seepage tile ( imitation marble ) , large particles brick ( imitation granite ) , brick powder , etc. [4] . Overall, porcelain tile hardness, strength and abrasive resistance are lower than natural granite slabs , but higher than marble.
3 , polished porcelain tiles analysis tool with diamond processing characteristics
A complete polishing process including pre- milling, Calibrating, rough grinding , polishing, edging after drying , waxing and packaging. Diamond tools are mainly used for coarse milling round on wheels ( front edging ) , hob , octopus ( evenness ) , finely ground side of the wheel , trimming wheel ( after edging ) . And other uses of diamond tools, ceramic processing adaptive problem also exists with diamond tools. Both the ceramic itself to adapt the performance problem with the device is also adapted to the problem of adaptability to different products , but with different sensitivities . The following detailed description of the sub-species .
3.1 Diamond hob
Calibrating machine main drive system driven by high-speed rotation hob clockwise , the feed drive system under pressure and adjust the depth of the knife , ceramic tile body from the bottom bearing , belt drive , through the hob is Calibrating [5] . Configure each line of the drum is generally 6-10 , diamond particle size between 36 mesh -140 mesh, tapering from coarse delivery times and thus make marks Calibrating adobe shallow , easy , after grinding and polishing process .
Dense and hard body porcelain tile , two-way process pressure movement , hob gram micro-cutting mechanism to take the tile surface is " plow into the way " and " crush mode" joint action . So the more coarse granularity hob , the greater the " plow into the " removal , the deeper marks . The greater the pressure of the same size hob " crush " into the chip area and increasing depth , to increase the removal rate , but the marks produced by the more coarse , so sometimes the partial pressure is too large, but also the depth of the fine knife marks . Increasing the number of fine lines hob cutter , thereby reducing cutting surface unit pressure limits the amount of feed , and can improve the flatness of the body of the fine marks .
When hob processing pressure , high speed ( typically 1700-2400 rev / min ) , require a higher diamond grade (MBD8) above , in particular crude granularity ; carcass to support , package inserts securely ; in order to obtain the desired efficiency and lifetime. Calibrating hob outside with a larger effect in addition to the quality of their relationship , but also by brick hardness , deformation of the size , Calibrating machine condition , affecting tone machine operator level . Hob life itself, in addition to the quality of the decision outside the head , mainly related to the amount of brick milling about .
3.2 diamond edging wheel and wheel trim
Line diamond polishing tools , milling round performance for the most sensitive blank porcelain tiles . At the same close relationship with grinding amount , equipment status , conditioners level. Therefore, the carcass must be adjusted properly depending on the recipe and diamond polishing lines and brick varieties, in order to achieve the desired results. Porcelain tile more hard, brittle , edging margin smaller , more easily collapse surface , edging more difficult in this case to adjust the hardness of the milling round the reasonable control of the diamond blade height , can achieve satisfactory results . Another problem associated with the edging wheel is chipping , chipping and sharpness main milling round about , there chipping or diamond adjustment formula should improve sharpness . Chipping is also concerned with the amount of single-head milling , the first single easy edging excessive chipping , grinding it to a reasonable allocation of the amount of each milling round , not too concentrated . If the total edging excessive, should be added before milling, milling or increased head count . Chipping and chipping surface but also with yaw and vibration milling round about , so you must ensure concentricity milling round and balance. Other issues, such as flanging edging , diagonal bias adjustment problems and other issues mainly milling machine , so ominous state .
After trimming wheel mounted milling round , mainly to milling round left jagged marks polished, tile corners to make more regular. Trimming the grinding wheel is not the amount of the general requirements , the use of fine-grained diamond , based on the actual amount of grinding and trimming effect, 80 / 100 mesh -120/140 mesh adjustment . The advantages of metal binding agent trim wheel is long life, low cost trimming ; disadvantage is uneven grinding , grinding inner and easy protrusions, or uneven deformation affecting trimming effect, require frequent grinding. Trimming resin grinding wheel may not have regular , superior smoothness and trimming metal trim wheel, but the drawback is the low life, only the metal binding agent 1/4-1/3 , trimming costs are too high , and because of its grinding is very small, less milling head when using a limited number .
3.3 pairs of wheels and octopus
Both products are still in the old polish line , due to the presence of high cost, difficulty adjusting machine and maintenance issues , gradually replaced the hob and milling round .
The grinding wheel is opposite to the relative rotation by a pair of rotary heads on both sides to complete the grinding of the tile name . Because of the regularity of the grinding wheel milling poor , it is generally with the former edging , has been rarely used .
Octopus is because the planetary host named diamond grinding wheel mounted eight . Host revolution led eight wheels , while wheels were still spinning motion , to complete the brick scraping . Its advantages are: scraping roughness, fine marks ; wheel does not deform due to deformation of brick , can be completely consumed without replacing renovated. Disadvantages : high cost, manufacturing cost is equivalent to a set of octopus 3-4 to drum up the number of brick processed much less ; due bulls installation, commissioning difficult, hosts frequent maintenance . Octopus impact is large, there is a certain deformation of brick , easily broken when scraping , it can not be used alone . A polishing line octopus from coarse to fine install 2-4 group , behind 4-2 coarse rollers. Octopus requirements for higher sharpness , while poor sharpness , cracked tiles or knife to eat a high amount is not enough. Should use a sharp -type diamond and general wear formula.
4, on the diamond
Diamond machining of ceramic tools used to the maximum amount 60/70-100/120 size range , with improved gelling photometric requirements of 120 / 140 also increases the amount of fine-grained diamond . It avoids the consumption peak particle size range saw blades, drill bits and other products, and the production of fine-grained diamond is the advantage of cubic press in China. A rough estimate is currently only used in ceramic processing market in Foshan, Guangdong 's annual consumption of 40 million diamond carats , the growth trend is obvious. This is a considerable potential diamond consumer market.
Transparency, angular development , long single-crystal diamond adapt to high levels of manufacturing ceramic processing tools. MBD8 more quality fine-grained ( 100/ 120 fine ) diamond consumption is increasing , the market supply shortage , the higher the price , hope to attract the attention of diamond manufacturers .
5 , Application Analysis
Compared with natural stone, polished porcelain tiles with a light weight , non-radioactive , no color , free design colors, varieties, more humane , clear price advantage , etc., suitable for all kinds of interior decoration . Compared with ordinary glazed tiles , more beautiful, wearable. Can assert , with the improvement of people's quality requirements and improvements in environmental awareness , ceramic tiles will be used more , the market outlook is very good. Diamond tools as ceramic processing irreplaceable tool , the market capacity will continue to increase along with the competition more intense, and improve the quality requirements . Various types of binding agents or configuration of new products will gradually be developed , applied to fill the gaps in some applications , and deep processing of porcelain tiles and shaped to meet the processing requirements.
1 Introduction
Mid-eighties whole vitrified porcelain tiles first appeared in Italy , so that the further development of the high-quality ceramic tiles , a multi-species direction , appeared shortly thereafter imitation marble , granite, polished porcelain tiles various senior , and further improve the grade ceramic tiles and prices [1] . The mid- line of ceramic tiles imported from Italy after the ceramic tiles industry entered a new phase. Also the beginning of a large-scale diamond tools used in ceramic processing industries. From the beginning to now totally dependent on imports domestically, making consumption cost per unit area of ceramic diamond tools dropped seven or eight times , thus greatly promoted the development of the industry , only a few short years , Guangdong Foshan polishing line has reached hundreds , the output value of billions of dollars . Bright and beautiful , affordable upscale all vitrified ceramic tiles began to decorate every household.
2 , full characterization of vitrified porcelain tiles
Ceramic tile body material using a conventional clay, feldspar , quartz and plasticity [2], white clay , ball milling , granulation , drying, pressing, sintering at 1200 ℃ after about 50 to 60 minutes to prepare . Microstructure body by the crystal phase , grain boundaries, the composition of the glass phase and pores [3] . Crystal phase mullite , α- cristobalite and free quartz. Mullite, clay ( kaolin ) at a high temperature above 1000 ℃ changes made are also generated as part of the α- cristobalite , α- cristobalite another part is converted by the addition of components made of quartz . Glass phase is composed of feldspar as a flux in the form of silicate melts at high temperatures [3] . Glass phase mainly potassium and sodium . The body mainly in the glass phase forms a continuous phase around the crystal phase . Grains during sintering can be bonded together to fill the gap between promote dense green body , the green body sintering temperature to reduce and increase the transparency of [3 ] . How much depends on the porosity content of the composition and sintering conditions blanks are usually distributed pores in the glass phase matrix. Pores significantly affect the physical properties of ceramic materials , significantly reduces the mechanical strength of the gloss after polishing and the body , the content of polished porcelain tiles pores are much lower than the ordinary glazed . How many holes are usually content with the absorption of said holes , said the higher water absorption , the more low- density, ceramic tile water absorption <0.5 %, while 10-20% of the general glazed water absorption [2] . The lower water absorption brick hardness , higher strength, more difficult to process . General porcelain tile flexural strength > 27MPa, 15MPa and glazed [2] .
In addition to a greater absorption performance impact on the ceramic tile , the content of the glass phase , the composition of the crystal phase has a great influence on both the applicability and workability properties of ceramics and diamond tools. Since the crystalline phase as compared to loose glass strength is low expansion coefficient and high temperature easy to soften [3 ] , the ratio of the glass phase , the lower green strength and higher abrasion resistance, increased brittleness . The more crystalline phase α- cristobalite content is higher body rigidity, the stronger the abrasive , diamond tools workability decline , consumption increased.
Porcelain tile varieties are more recipes from different manufacturers , different processes , resulting in some differences in performance. Distinguished by different production processes , the current production of several varieties of large seepage tile ( imitation marble ) , large particles brick ( imitation granite ) , brick powder , etc. [4] . Overall, porcelain tile hardness, strength and abrasive resistance are lower than natural granite slabs , but higher than marble.
3 , polished porcelain tiles analysis tool with diamond processing characteristics
A complete polishing process including pre- milling, Calibrating, rough grinding , polishing, edging after drying , waxing and packaging. Diamond tools are mainly used for coarse milling round on wheels ( front edging ) , hob , octopus ( evenness ) , finely ground side of the wheel , trimming wheel ( after edging ) . And other uses of diamond tools, ceramic processing adaptive problem also exists with diamond tools. Both the ceramic itself to adapt the performance problem with the device is also adapted to the problem of adaptability to different products , but with different sensitivities . The following detailed description of the sub-species .
3.1 Diamond hob
Calibrating machine main drive system driven by high-speed rotation hob clockwise , the feed drive system under pressure and adjust the depth of the knife , ceramic tile body from the bottom bearing , belt drive , through the hob is Calibrating [5] . Configure each line of the drum is generally 6-10 , diamond particle size between 36 mesh -140 mesh, tapering from coarse delivery times and thus make marks Calibrating adobe shallow , easy , after grinding and polishing process .
Dense and hard body porcelain tile , two-way process pressure movement , hob gram micro-cutting mechanism to take the tile surface is " plow into the way " and " crush mode" joint action . So the more coarse granularity hob , the greater the " plow into the " removal , the deeper marks . The greater the pressure of the same size hob " crush " into the chip area and increasing depth , to increase the removal rate , but the marks produced by the more coarse , so sometimes the partial pressure is too large, but also the depth of the fine knife marks . Increasing the number of fine lines hob cutter , thereby reducing cutting surface unit pressure limits the amount of feed , and can improve the flatness of the body of the fine marks .
When hob processing pressure , high speed ( typically 1700-2400 rev / min ) , require a higher diamond grade (MBD8) above , in particular crude granularity ; carcass to support , package inserts securely ; in order to obtain the desired efficiency and lifetime. Calibrating hob outside with a larger effect in addition to the quality of their relationship , but also by brick hardness , deformation of the size , Calibrating machine condition , affecting tone machine operator level . Hob life itself, in addition to the quality of the decision outside the head , mainly related to the amount of brick milling about .
3.2 diamond edging wheel and wheel trim
Line diamond polishing tools , milling round performance for the most sensitive blank porcelain tiles . At the same close relationship with grinding amount , equipment status , conditioners level. Therefore, the carcass must be adjusted properly depending on the recipe and diamond polishing lines and brick varieties, in order to achieve the desired results. Porcelain tile more hard, brittle , edging margin smaller , more easily collapse surface , edging more difficult in this case to adjust the hardness of the milling round the reasonable control of the diamond blade height , can achieve satisfactory results . Another problem associated with the edging wheel is chipping , chipping and sharpness main milling round about , there chipping or diamond adjustment formula should improve sharpness . Chipping is also concerned with the amount of single-head milling , the first single easy edging excessive chipping , grinding it to a reasonable allocation of the amount of each milling round , not too concentrated . If the total edging excessive, should be added before milling, milling or increased head count . Chipping and chipping surface but also with yaw and vibration milling round about , so you must ensure concentricity milling round and balance. Other issues, such as flanging edging , diagonal bias adjustment problems and other issues mainly milling machine , so ominous state .
After trimming wheel mounted milling round , mainly to milling round left jagged marks polished, tile corners to make more regular. Trimming the grinding wheel is not the amount of the general requirements , the use of fine-grained diamond , based on the actual amount of grinding and trimming effect, 80 / 100 mesh -120/140 mesh adjustment . The advantages of metal binding agent trim wheel is long life, low cost trimming ; disadvantage is uneven grinding , grinding inner and easy protrusions, or uneven deformation affecting trimming effect, require frequent grinding. Trimming resin grinding wheel may not have regular , superior smoothness and trimming metal trim wheel, but the drawback is the low life, only the metal binding agent 1/4-1/3 , trimming costs are too high , and because of its grinding is very small, less milling head when using a limited number .
3.3 pairs of wheels and octopus
Both products are still in the old polish line , due to the presence of high cost, difficulty adjusting machine and maintenance issues , gradually replaced the hob and milling round .
The grinding wheel is opposite to the relative rotation by a pair of rotary heads on both sides to complete the grinding of the tile name . Because of the regularity of the grinding wheel milling poor , it is generally with the former edging , has been rarely used .
Octopus is because the planetary host named diamond grinding wheel mounted eight . Host revolution led eight wheels , while wheels were still spinning motion , to complete the brick scraping . Its advantages are: scraping roughness, fine marks ; wheel does not deform due to deformation of brick , can be completely consumed without replacing renovated. Disadvantages : high cost, manufacturing cost is equivalent to a set of octopus 3-4 to drum up the number of brick processed much less ; due bulls installation, commissioning difficult, hosts frequent maintenance . Octopus impact is large, there is a certain deformation of brick , easily broken when scraping , it can not be used alone . A polishing line octopus from coarse to fine install 2-4 group , behind 4-2 coarse rollers. Octopus requirements for higher sharpness , while poor sharpness , cracked tiles or knife to eat a high amount is not enough. Should use a sharp -type diamond and general wear formula.
4, on the diamond
Diamond machining of ceramic tools used to the maximum amount 60/70-100/120 size range , with improved gelling photometric requirements of 120 / 140 also increases the amount of fine-grained diamond . It avoids the consumption peak particle size range saw blades, drill bits and other products, and the production of fine-grained diamond is the advantage of cubic press in China. A rough estimate is currently only used in ceramic processing market in Foshan, Guangdong 's annual consumption of 40 million diamond carats , the growth trend is obvious. This is a considerable potential diamond consumer market.
Transparency, angular development , long single-crystal diamond adapt to high levels of manufacturing ceramic processing tools. MBD8 more quality fine-grained ( 100/ 120 fine ) diamond consumption is increasing , the market supply shortage , the higher the price , hope to attract the attention of diamond manufacturers .
5 , Application Analysis
Compared with natural stone, polished porcelain tiles with a light weight , non-radioactive , no color , free design colors, varieties, more humane , clear price advantage , etc., suitable for all kinds of interior decoration . Compared with ordinary glazed tiles , more beautiful, wearable. Can assert , with the improvement of people's quality requirements and improvements in environmental awareness , ceramic tiles will be used more , the market outlook is very good. Diamond tools as ceramic processing irreplaceable tool , the market capacity will continue to increase along with the competition more intense, and improve the quality requirements . Various types of binding agents or configuration of new products will gradually be developed , applied to fill the gaps in some applications , and deep processing of porcelain tiles and shaped to meet the processing requirements.
2014年1月22日星期三
The 14th China Xiamen Stone Fair,International Stone Fair 2014
Xiamen Stone Fair 2014-International Stone Fair and International Tools and Machinery Fair, considered one of the main global events for the stone and machinery segment, will be held on the same date of March 6-9, 2014.
Sunny tools will attend to Xiamen Stone Fair 2014-International Stone Fair.Show a variety of new diamond cutting products for customers. Main have diamond segment, diamond grinding wheels, diamond saw blade, diamond wire saw, diamond fickert and so on.
We Booth No: K009
Exhibition time: March 6-8, 2014: 9:00am-5:30pm
March 9, 2014: 9:00am-4:00pm
our web site
www.sunnytools.biz
www.sunnytoolsblog.com
TEL : 0086-595-22003682 FAX : 0086-595-22003987 E-mail : info@sunnytools.biz
www.sunnytools.biz
www.sunnytoolsblog.com
TEL : 0086-595-22003682 FAX : 0086-595-22003987 E-mail : info@sunnytools.biz
Review Sunny Tools attend Xiamen Stone Fair 2013
Sunny Tools is a professional and dynamic diamond tools manufacturer. We devote ourselves to researching and manufacturing cutting and
processing diamond tools for nature stone and building materials.Main sale stone and concrete cutting tools such as diamond segment, diamond grinding wheels, diamond saw blade, diamond wire saw, diamond fickert and so on.
Sunny Tools was attend Xiamen Stone Fair 2013.Show a variety of new diamond cutting products for customers in 2013 Xiamen Stone Fair.
www.sunnytools.biz
www.sunnytoolsblog.com
TEL : 0086-595-22003682 FAX : 0086-595-22003987 E-mail : info@sunnytools.biz
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